ANZAC+Centenary+History+-+Central+2014

**“Age shall not weary them** **Nor the years condemn.** **At the going down of the sun** **And in the morning,** **We will remember them.”**

To commemorate the 100th anniversary since the beginning of WWI, selected students have had the opportunity to personalise the names on our Rolls of Honour by joining outstanding history tutor Angela English to research one individual serviceman, finding out who they really were. Farmer, teacher, baker? Oldest brother or youngest son? Local rugby star or promising musician? We learnt about World War I, the battle in which the servicemen and women gave their lives, discovering where in the world they have been laid to rest. We aimed to bring these names, permanently etched in granite and marble around Central and Western Southland, alive once again. **ANZAC Day** On the first day we began by thinking about what ANZAC Day is and the icons associated with ANZAC day, such as poppies and ANZAC biscuits. We brainstormed reasons why it is important to remember fallen soldiers and those who served in WWI. We analysed two famous poems about WWI. Read them here.

**War Memorials** We talked about war memorials, which are an important way that communities keep their promise to remember. There are local memorials. We visited the local memorial in Winton and talked about the location. It is on the main street with a good view. There are also national memorials, including the grave of the unknown soldier found at the National War Memorial in Wellington, and Australian monuments. Then there are international memorials and battlefield graveyards. We discussed the difference between “living” memorials and “static” memorials. Town halls, swimming pools & libraries with cenotaphs are examples ofliving memorials. **Our Research about WWI Soldiers From Our Communities** We brainstormed potential research questions, deciding what we would like to find out about the person we’d like to research. Our questions included: i) Sports person? Occupation? Hobbies? Where did they live? ii) When did they enlist? iii) Who did they serve with? iv) Which battles did they serve in? v) Where did they lose their life? We discussed that we might be able to find the answers to all these questions but we might only be able to find the answers to some of our questions. We used lots of avenues for our research, including the Library, Memorials, community people and the Internet.  Internet sites we used included  • Commonwealth War Graves Commission []  • Cenotaph, Auckland War Memorial Museum []  • Papers Past []  Ministry of Culture & Heritage []  We used this matrix to help us gather information about the names from our local war memorials using the Cenotaph database.

**WWI Slang** As we researched, it was fascinating to learn some slang that had been used in WWI and to find out what it meant. Here are some examples: • Baby’s head was meat pudding, which we call steak and kidney pie. • Dutch cheese was battleships and margarine was guns. • Army biscuits were army beds. • Tommy is slang for British soldiers, while digger was an ANZAC soldier. • Bango was a spade and coffin nails were smokes. Fly bog was jam. We also learnt that • The Western Front was in France and was a line of trenches between 700 and 1,000 km long. • The exact time when WWI ended was 11 a.m. on 11 day of the eleventh month, 1918 • ANZAC biscuits last a long time and, along with poppies, have become an iconic symbol of remembering the soldiers of WWI. We ate delicious ANZAC biscuits that Angela had made for us, as a way of “remembering them.” **How WWI Started** I was interested to know why World War One started. Hamish and Patrick gave the following overview of the key features about WWI. “World War I started because someone from Serbia assassinated the monarch of Austria. He was called Archduke Franz Ferdinand. Germany was very annoyed about this and so they declared war on France. To get to France, the German soldiers had to go through Belgium, so Belgium was invaded. Belgium and Great Britain already a treaty agreeing that Britain would come and help if ever Belgium was in need. The British Empire then came to help Great Britain. That’s how New Zealand and Australia became involved in World War I. Later on, the British Empire became the Commonwealth. Then Turkey got in the mix, because they were afraid of Russia, so they joined the Germans. The British wanted to get supplies into Russia, so they had to take over Turkey, and this failed completely. Australian and New Zealand soldiers fought at Gallipoli, and that is where ANZAC Cove is. Gallipoli became a place of remembrance because of all the soldiers who died and the blood spilt on that beach.” Patrick explained it’s a very complicated story and said in his personal opinion that if the person who assassinated Monarch Franz Ferdinand had any idea what he was starting, he’d have thought twice about it! **Certificates** At the end of the war soldiers from WWI were presented with certificates. If they lived through the war, the certificate is coloured red. If they died in service, the certificate was coloured purple and presented to their families. Purple was hard to make and a royal colour, so it was chosen to honour the dead. The animals on the certificate represent countries. The lion represents Great Britain and the lion cubs represent the countries for the British Empire, which included New Zealand and Australia. The unicorn represented Scotland and the dead eagle represented Germany. **Some other resources about WWI** Angela showed us a most interesting “pop-up book for adults.” It was a real treasure and we could have spent hours reading it! Check out your local library to see if there is a copy.

__New Zealand and the First World War 1914-1919__ by Damien Fenton with Caroline Lord, Gavin McLean and Tim Shoebridge in association with the Ministry of Culture and Heritage. Penguin is the publisher. ISBN 978-0-143-56975-6

You may also like to check out these links. [|www.kiamatetoa.com] [|www.firstworldwar.govt.nz] [|www.teara.govt.nz] [|www.nzhistory.net.nz/first-world-war] [|www.natlib.govt.nz]

**Here is a record of the soldiers from Southland** that we have researched, along with a link to online information about them.
 * [[image:Poster photos for wiki.001.jpg width="240" height="180"]] || Private John Charles Boniface 11208 from Riverton

[] ||  || [] ||   || [] ||
 * [[image:Poster photos for wiki.002.jpg width="221" height="165"]] || Trooper Albert E Castle 9/504 from Winton
 * [[image:Poster photos for wiki.003.jpg width="240" height="179"]] || [[image:Poster photos for wiki.005.jpg width="246" height="186"]][[image:Poster photos for wiki.004.jpg width="240" height="180"]]

Private John Catto 8/2554 from Heddon Bush [] || [] || [] || [] || [] || [] || [] || [] || [] ||
 * [[image:Poster photos for wiki.006.jpg width="240" height="180"]] || Private David Cowie 26799
 * [[image:Poster photos for wiki.007.jpg width="240" height="180"]] || Rifleman H J Harvey 23/449 from Barkly
 * [[image:Poster photos for wiki.008.jpg width="240" height="180"]] || Private Daniel Hishon 53016 from Winton
 * [[image:Poster photos for wiki.009.jpg width="240" height="180"]] || Private Michael Hishon 53193 from Winton
 * [[image:Poster photos for wiki.010.jpg width="240" height="180"]] || Private Frank Lindsay 8/2969 from Drummond
 * [[image:Poster photos for wiki.011.jpg width="240" height="179"]] || Private William John Paul 45125 from Winton
 * [[image:Poster photos for wiki.021.jpg width="240" height="180"]] || Private Robert Fredrick Sands 9/1352 from Winton
 * [[image:Poster photos for wiki.012.jpg width="240" height="179"]] || Lance Corporal William Sutton 25/682 from Mataura

**The posters we made summarising our research** are our way of remembering and honouring the soldiers who gave up so much for us. The ultimate conclusion to our research project was for our research to be presented at our local ANZAC day services, sharing our work with all members of the community, fulfilling the pledge, “we will remember them”.

**Here are our reflections about coming to this REAP GATE ANZAC History Course.** media type="file" key="ANZAC History from Central Southland.mov" width="300" height="300"

**If you are interested in studying history further…** Here are some links to universities in New Zealand that offer a Bachelor of Arts majoring in History. [] [] [] [] [] [] []

**As a history graduate you can have a career in...** government, the public service, teaching, museums and libraries, and as researchers with the Waitangi Tribunal and the Ministry for Culture and Heritage/Te Manatu Taonga. Others continue with postgraduate study of History at institutions such as Harvard University and Oxford University.